Migrating From Google Speech-to-Text (STT) to Deepgram

Moving audio transcription and classification from one environment to another can be a challenging task, even for experienced teams. This guide will give you an overview of the process of migrating your transcription processes from Google Speech-to-Text (STT) to Deepgram to help you make the transition as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Getting Started

Migration Process

During the migration process, you will need to perform the following tasks:

Differences

Once you’ve selected your model, Deepgram provides many features and capabilities to help you transcribe and classify your audio. However, some capabilities and concepts are implemented differently from Google STT.

Detailed Description of Differences

Working with the Deepgram API is quick and easy, and speech-to-text vendors have many overlapping features. However, key differences in terminology and how features are deployed exist.

General

Both Deepgram and Google provide you with the following values by default:

• Words
• Timing
• Confidence

Additionally, Google provides the following values by default:

• alternatives
• channel_tag
• language_code

Deepgram Default JSON Response

Interim Result

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{
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	"channel": {
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		"alternatives": [
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			{
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				"confidence": 0.99121094,
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				"transcript": "section one of az",
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				"words": [
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					{
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						"confidence": 0.9980469,
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						"end": 1.2935,
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						"start": 0.81589997,
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						"word": "section"
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					},
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					{
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						"confidence": 0.9897461,
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						"end": 1.6517,
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						"start": 1.2935,
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						"word": "one"
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					},
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					{
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						"confidence": 0.99121094,
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						"end": 1.8507,
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						"start": 1.6517,
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						"word": "of"
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					},
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					{
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						"confidence": 0.5073242,
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						"end": 1.9999375,
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						"start": 1.8507,
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						"word": "az"
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					}
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				]
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			}
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		]
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	},
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	"channel_index": [0, 1],
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	"duration": 1.9999375,
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	"is_final": false,
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	"metadata": {
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		"model_uuid": "4899aa60-f723-4517-9815-2042acc12a82",
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		"request_id": "fbbe3da5-4a23-4fd3-a4eb-95f2fe8672f5"
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	},
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	"speech_final": false,
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	"start": 0.0
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}

Final Result

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{
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   "channel":{
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      "alternatives":[
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         {
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            "confidence":0.9941406,
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            "transcript":"section one of az fable a new translation",
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            "words":[
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               {
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                  "confidence":0.9975586,
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                  "end":1.2970455,
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                  "start":0.81813633,
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                  "word":"section"
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               },
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               {
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                  MORE WORDS...
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               },
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               {
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                  "confidence":0.99853516,
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                  "end":4.2314997,
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                  "start":3.7315,
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                  "word":"translation"
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               }
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            ]
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         }
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      ]
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   },
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   "channel_index":[
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      0,
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      1
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   ],
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   "duration":4.4,
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   "is_final":true,
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   "metadata":{
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      "model_uuid":"4899aa60-f723-4517-9815-2042acc12a82",
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      "request_id":"fbbe3da5-4a23-4fd3-a4eb-95f2fe8672f5"
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   },
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   "speech_final":false,
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   "start":0.0
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}

Search

Deepgram provides users with the ability to search for specific moments in audio. Deepgram search is based on the acoustic sounds of keywords, whereas other vendors provide search based on the transcribed keyword text. (Google, in fact, does not provide out-of-the-box search capabilities for Speech-to-Text.) Deepgram’s method allows you to accurately identify whether a phrase was uttered in submitted audio by letting Deepgram “hear” whether the phrase was uttered rather than by trying to look for sufficiently close matches in the text transcript. Many customers have found search using acoustics to be more accurate for their use cases because even in cases where the transcript is not correct, Deepgram will still match on the audio.

Deepgram’s Search feature uses a query that allows you to pass in a word or phrase to find and then returns results in the response JSON object. In the JSON response, we return information including the start time and end time of when that phrase was possibly uttered and a confidence rating for each match. So, in the response, you will see the query (the word or phrase you searched for), and then hits (an array of objects that give you the confidence, start, end, and snippet of each possible match to your search). You can include up to 25 search terms per request.

Sample code

You can search for multiple terms individually: search=epistemology&search=warwick

You can search for a phrase. URL-encode the phrase when submitting it: search=social%20epistemology

As an example, we used a WAV audio file that contains the first 20 seconds of a college lecture on epistemology. The term “epistemology” in this audio file is sufficiently technical that our model will not transcribe it accurately, but our phonetic search will still be able to find it.

Input

search=epistemology

Response

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"search":[
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  {
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    "query":"epistemology",
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    "hits":[
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      {"confidence":0.9348958,"start":10.725,"end":11.485,"snippet":"is a"},
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      {"confidence":0.9348958,"start":13.965,"end":14.764999,"snippet":"epi"},
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      {"confidence":0.9204282,"start":4.0074897,"end":4.805,"snippet":"social epi"},
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      {"confidence":0.27662036,"start":8.792552,"end":10.365,"snippet":"us today is"},
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      {"confidence":0.1319444,"start":17.205,"end":18.115,"snippet":"nature of knowledge"},
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      {"confidence":0.0885417,"start":15.285,"end":16.085,"snippet":"branch philosophy"},
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      {"confidence":0.045138836,"start":5.1240044,"end":5.722137,"snippet":"university of"},
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      {"confidence":0.045138836,"start":5.6025105,"end":7.4367843,"snippet":"warwick and"},
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      {"confidence":0.0,"start":1.0168257,"end":1.9339627,"snippet":"hello this is steve"},
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      {"confidence":0.0,"start":7.277282,"end":8.27417,"snippet":"and the question"}
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    ]
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  }
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]

Custom Vocabulary

Both Deepgram and Google provide users the ability to improve the accuracy of specific keywords or vocabulary. Deepgram has two methods to perform this: our Keyword Boosting feature and data-driven AI model training. Google has one primary way to perform this, which they call speech/model adaptation and model adaptation boost.

Deepgram Keyword Boosting

Deepgram’s Keywords feature uses a query to give Deepgram more information so that it can better transcribe the audio submitted in the request. Keywords are words that can be sent along with the audio, that Deepgram trains itself to watch more closely for, so we can transcribe them more accurately.

Deepgram AI Model Training

Speech Recognition technology can face challenges when transcribing certain terms, particularly jargon, names, or very uncommon words. If you know about context-unique words ahead of time, you can send them with the request as keywords, and Deepgram will do a better job of transcribing them. However, if you have more than 200 unique keywords or phrases that Deepgram’s Nova, Enhanced or Base models do not identify accurately enough with Keyword Boosting, you have the option of upgrading to a trained AI model. In a matter of weeks, Deepgram can train a model using sample audio and ground truth transcripts to learn your language, accents, dialects, and terminology.

Google Speech Model Adaptation

You can use the model adaptation feature to help Speech-to-Text recognize specific words or phrases more frequently than other options that might otherwise be suggested. For example, suppose that your audio data often includes the word “weather”. When Google encounters the word “weather,” you want it to transcribe the word as “weather” more often than “whether.” In this case, you might use model adaptation to bias Speech-to-Text toward recognizing “weather.”

Google Model adaptation is helpful in the following use cases:

• Improving the accuracy of words and phrases that occur frequently in your audio data. For example, you can alert the recognition model to voice commands that are typically spoken by your users.
• Expanding the vocabulary of words recognized by Google STT. If your audio data often contains words that are rare in general language use (such as proper names or domain-specific words), you can add them using model adaptation.
• Assigning weighted values to phrase items. You can use Google Model Adaptation boost to assign a weighted value to phrase items in a PhraseSet resource. Google Speech-to-Text refers to this weighted value when selecting a possible transcription for words in your audio data. The higher the value, the higher the likelihood that Speech-to-Text chooses that word or phrase from the possible alternatives.

Google Speech Adaptation also has some drawbacks. To increase the probability that Google STT recognizes a word, Google recommends that you submit key phrases through its SpeechContext object. In addition to submitting keywords and phrases, Google also recommends including Class tokens by language to identify phone numbers, addresses, radio stations, and so on. In situations where model adaptation + boosting + speech context + class tokens are necessary with Google, Deepgram’s system may already perform well without the aid of additional requests. If Deepgram does not recognize these words out of the box, you can leverage Keyword Boosting or consider upgrading to a trained AI model. To learn more, contact your Customer Success Manager.

What to Expect in the JSON Response

Both Deepgram and Google will provide you with the following values:

• transcript
• start_time (duration)
• end_time (duration)
• word (string)
• confidence (float)

In addition, by default, Google will provide:

• name (if you have a set of phrases)
• value (single phrase)
• phrases
• Boost
• Speaker_tag

Avoid transferring over a list of keywords that has been used with a previous vendor.

Every system is different. Whereas Keyword Boosting may have been necessary with another vendor, Deepgram’s system may already perform well without the aid of keywords. Additional boosting may negatively affect results. Start without any keywords, add them as you see fit, and cautiously increase boosts using decimal values until you find the best fit for your data. To learn more about Keyword Boosting, see our Keyword Boosting feature documentation.

Batch Transcription

Google provides two ways to transcribe pre-recorded audio based on the length of the file, whereas Deepgram provides one way. Deepgram is designed to handle large volumes of call recordings making it simple to transcribe whether they are one minute or multiple hours long.

Asynchronous vs. Synchronous

Google synchronous speech recognition returns the recognized text for short audio (less than 60 seconds). To process a speech recognition request for audio longer than 60 seconds, Google recommends customers use Asynchronous Speech Recognition. You can use asynchronous speech recognition with audio of any length up to 480 minutes.

It is also important to note that when transcribing in Google’s asynchronous or synchronous mode, your audio must be stored on Google Cloud. Deepgram does not have any restrictions for where your audio files are stored.

What to Expect in the JSON Response

Both Deepgram and Google will provide you with the following values:

• transcript
• start_time (duration)
• end_time (duration)
• word (string)
• confidence (float)

Sample Code

Deepgram supports both transcription of files on your local machine and transcription of files stored remotely.

Deepgram

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from deepgram import Deepgram
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import asyncio, json
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DEEPGRAM_API_KEY = 'YOUR_API_KEY'
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PATH_TO_FILE = 'some/file.wav'
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async def main():
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    # Initializes the Deepgram SDK
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    deepgram = Deepgram(DEEPGRAM_API_KEY)
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    # Open the audio file
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    with open(PATH_TO_FILE, 'rb') as audio:
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        # ...or replace mimetype as appropriate
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        source = {'buffer': audio, 'mimetype': 'audio/wav'}
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        response = await deepgram.transcription.prerecorded(source, {'punctuate': True})
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        print(json.dumps(response, indent=4))
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asyncio.run(main())

To see more, visit Deepgram’s Python SDK GitHub repo.

Google

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# Import the Google Cloud client library
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from google.cloud import speech
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# Create a client
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client = speech.SpeechClient()
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# Define the configuration parameters
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gcs_uri = 'gs://my-bucket/audio.raw'
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model = 'Model to use, e.g. phone_call, video, default'
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encoding = 'Encoding of the audio file, e.g. LINEAR16'
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sample_rate_hertz = 16000
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language_code = 'BCP-47 language code, e.g. en-US'
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config = {
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    "encoding": encoding,
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    "sample_rate_hertz": sample_rate_hertz,
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    "language_code": language_code,
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    "model": model,
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}
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audio = {"uri": gcs_uri}
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request = {
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    "config": config,
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    "audio": audio,
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}
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# Detect speech in the audio file
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response = client.recognize(request)
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for result in response.results:
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    print("Transcript: {}".format(result.alternatives[0].transcript))

To see more, visit Google’s documentation on transcribing a file in Cloud Storage using a transcription model.

Live Streaming

Both Deepgram and Google provide streaming transcription. Deepgram streaming transcription has a number of advantages including lower latency, higher accuracy, and overall ease of use (for example, no need to close the streams when they are no longer in use).

When using Deepgram to transcribe live streaming audio, two of the features you can use to further understand your audio include Endpointing and Interim Results. Both of these features monitor incoming live streaming audio and can indicate the end of a type of processing, but they are used in very different ways:

• Deepgram live streaming looks for any deviation in the natural flow of speech and returns a finalized response at these places. To learn more about this feature, see Endpointing.
• Deepgram live streaming can also return a series of interim transcripts followed by a final transcript. To learn more, see Interim Results.
• If your downstream natural language processing (NLP) requires complete utterances, review our Best Practices for Utterance Segmentation.

Google Speech-to-Text

Google can transcribe streaming audio such as the input from a microphone. There are two ways to do this, through Streaming speech recognition and through Endless streaming. The key differences include:

• There are audio limits for streaming speech recognition requests:

  • Synchronous Requests: 1 Minute
  • Asynchronous Requests: 480 Minutes
  • Streaming Requests: 5 Minutes

• Streaming speech recognition is available via gRPC only.

• Audio longer than approximately one minute must use a custom field to reference an audio file in Google Cloud Storage.

• If you need to stream content for more than five minutes, you need to use endless streaming.

What to Expect in the JSON Response

By default, both Deepgram and Google will provide you with the following values:

• transcript
• start_time (duration)
• end_time (duration)
• word (string)
• confidence (float)

Additionally, Google and Deepgram provide the following:

Configure Environment

We provide sample scripts in Python and Node.js and assume you have already configured either a Python or Node development environment. System requirements will vary depending on the programming language you use:

• cross-fetch >= 3.1.5Python- python >= 3.7
• aiohttp >= 3.8.1 |

Get Transcripts and Customize Response

To get transcripts and customize your response, you can use our SDKs and code samples for:

• Pre-recorded (Batch)
• Streaming

Migration Best Practices

Each API service has different limitations to ensure performance. Known differences between Deepgram and Google STT are detailed below, along with information about how our customers address these differences during the migration process.

Conclusion

Deepgram uses a data-centric approach to creating AI speech recognition models. Our data-centric approach allows us to create highly accurate and extremely low latency models that are based on a customer’s real-world audio for a fraction of the cost of others. To learn more about Deepgram, visit our website and check out our documentation. If you’re a customer and still have questions, our customer success team is standing by to assist you with your migration: Contact Us.

What’s Next

• Deepgram API Overview